Strategy

strategy pattern (also known as the policy pattern) is a particular software design pattern, whereby algorithms can be selected at runtime. Formally speaking, the strategy pattern defines a family of algorithms, encapsulates each one, and makes them interchangeable.
Strategy lets the algorithm vary independently from clients that use it.
For instance, a class that performs validation on incoming data may use a strategy pattern to select a validation algorithm based on the type of data

// The classes that implement a concrete strategy should implement this
 
// The context class uses this to call the concrete strategy
interface Strategy {
    int execute(int a, int b); 
}
 
// Implements the algorithm using the strategy interface
class ConcreteStrategyAdd implements Strategy {
 
    public int execute(int a, int b) {
        System.out.println("Called ConcreteStrategyAdd's execute()");
        return a + b;  // Do an addition with a and b
    }
}
 
class ConcreteStrategySubtract implements Strategy {
 
    public int execute(int a, int b) {
        System.out.println("Called ConcreteStrategySubtract's execute()");
        return a - b;  // Do a subtraction with a and b
    }
}
 
class ConcreteStrategyMultiply implements Strategy {
 
    public int execute(int a, int b) {
        System.out.println("Called ConcreteStrategyMultiply's execute()");
        return a * b;   // Do a multiplication with a and b
    }    
}
 
// Configured with a ConcreteStrategy object and maintains a reference to a Strategy object
class Context {
 
    private Strategy strategy;
 
    // Constructor
    public Context(Strategy strategy) {
        this.strategy = strategy;
    }
 
    public int executeStrategy(int a, int b) {
        return strategy.execute(a, b);
    }
}
 
//StrategyExample test application
 
class StrategyExample {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
 
        Context context;
 
        // Three contexts following different strategies
        context = new Context(new ConcreteStrategyAdd());
        int resultA = context.executeStrategy(3,4);
 
        context = new Context(new ConcreteStrategySubtract());
        int resultB = context.executeStrategy(3,4);
 
        context = new Context(new ConcreteStrategyMultiply());
        int resultC = context.executeStrategy(3,4);
    }
}